Friday 5 March 2010

Unix Basics refreshb

set –o vi
Then use + ansd – or j and K to navigate back through your commands

w
uptime, users logged in etc

ls -l | grep ^- | sort –nr
List the files in current directory sorted by size

ls -a1 | grep "^\."
List the hidden files in current directory

grep -ir ssh /var/log/*
grep -ir breakin /var/log/*
grep -ir security /var/log/*
Examples of grep querying log files for security breakins

du - k * | sort -nr (or)
du -k . | sort -nr
Display the Disk Usage of file sizes under each directory in current directory

find . -depth -print
Display the all files recursively with path under current directory

ps -aef | grep username
Display all processes running under your username (where username = your username)

ls -.ltr | sort -nr -k 5
Display the files in the directory by file size

ps –p $$
Find out what sell you are running

Sh hot keys
Ctrl+l . Clears the Screen.
Ctrl+r . Does a search in previously given commands in shell.
Ctrl+u - Clears the typing before the hotkey.
Ctrl+a . Places cursor at the beginning of the command at shell.
Ctrl+e . Places cursor at the end of the command at shell.
Ctrl+d . Kills the shell.
Ctrl+z . Places the currently running process into background.

Use fuser to discover what processes are stopping a volume from unmounting

du -sk * | sort -nr | head
Display top ten largest files/directories

ptree Example: ptree 1267
or
pstree
Display the parent/child tree of a process

pwdx Example: pwdx 1267
Show the working directory of a process

pfiles Example: pfiles 1267
Display the processes current open files

top (or) prstat
shows cpu utilization

vmstat (or) glance
for memory

date | awk ‘{print $2 ” ” $6}’
AWK example, to print only the second and sixth fields of the date command (the month and year) with a space separating them. You would get the output
Mar 2010
From a total output of
Thu Mar 4 13:14:43 GMT 2010

quota –v
show current disk usage and limits

chmod u-x,go+r myfile
chang myfile so owner loses execute privs, and group and other gain read access

ln file1 file2
create a second file name – eg file2 – that is a dynamically updated copy of file1

ln –s file3 target3
symbolic links are nothing more than shortcuts to a file – they point at a file
if you move or delete the source file then the link is useless

iostat –En
lists disks

format
lists disks

How can a parent and child process communicate?
A parent and child can communicate through any of the normal inter-process communication schemes (pipes, sockets, message queues, shared memory), but also have some special ways to communicate that take advantage of their relationship as a parent and child. One of the most obvious is that the parent can get the exit status of the child.
What is a zombie?
When a program forks and the child finishes before the parent, the kernel still keeps some of its information about the child in case the parent might need it - for example, the parent may need to check the child's exit status. To be able to get this information, the parent calls `wait()'; In the interval between the child terminating and the parent calling `wait()', the child is said to be a `zombie' (If you do `ps', the child will have a `Z' in its status field to indicate this.)
What are the process states in Unix?
As a process executes it changes state according to its circumstances. Unix processes have the following states:
Running : The process is either running or it is ready to run .
Waiting : The process is waiting for an event or for a resource.
Stopped : The process has been stopped, usually by receiving a signal.
Zombie : The process is dead but have not been removed from the process table.
What are various IDs associated with a process?
Unix identifies each process with a unique integer called ProcessID. The process that executes the request for creation of a process is called the 'parent process' whose PID is 'Parent Process ID'. Every process is associated with a particular user called the 'owner' who has privileges over the process. The identification for the user is 'UserID'. Owner is the user who executes the process. Process also has 'Effective User ID' which determines the access privileges for accessing resources like files.
• getpid() -process id
• getppid() -parent process id
• getuid() -user id
• geteuid() -effective user id

ps –el | grep ‘Z’
finding zombie processes

vxprint –Ath

vxdisk list

vxdiskadm

powermt display

powermt display ports

powermt display dev=all

syminq

netstat
Displays generic net statistics of the host you are currently connected to.
netstat -an
Shows all connections to the server including the source and destination ips and ports if you have proper permissions.
netstat -rn
Displays routing table for all ips bound to the server.
netstat -an |grep :80 |wc -l
Display the amount of active connections on port 80. Removing the pipe and wc command would display each connection.
netstat -natp
Display active Internet connections.
ifconfig eth0
View the network settings on the first Ethernet adapter installed in the computer.
ifconfig -a
Display info on all network interfaces on server, active or inactive.
ifconfig eth0 down
If eth0 exists would take it down causing it cannot send or receive any information.
ifconfig eth0 up
If eth0 exists and in the down state would return it back to the up state allowing to to send and receive information.
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.102 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
Assign eth0 with the above values for IP, netmask and broadcast address.


mount -t nfs eslat001:/opt/ims /app/ims
mount -t nfs eslat001:/opt/rims /app/rims
example of how to mount an nfs mount
and then add to the /etc/fstab with the following entries;

servername:/pathofdir /pathonserver nfs options 0 0

where;

The corresponds to hostname, IP address, or fully qualified domain name of the server exporting the file system.

The is the path to the exported directory.

The specifies where on the local file system to mount the exported directory. This mount point must exist before /etc/fstab is read or the mount will fail.

The nfs option specifies the type of file system being mounted.

The area specifies mount options for the file system. For example, if the options area states rw,suid, the exported file system will be mounted read-write and the user and groupid set by the server will be used. Note that parentheses are not to be used here

Wednesday 30 September 2009

How to list contents of an rpm in Red Hat Linux

server0103 # rpm -q -lp autosys-client-ALD-lonos-1.0-2.noarch.rpm
warning: GEOSautosys-client-ALD-lon-1.0-2.noarch.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID b4ac8093
/etc/auto.profile
/etc/xinetd.d/auto_remote_ALD
/opt/CA/sybase
/opt/CA/sybase/interfaces
/opt/CA/uajm
/opt/CA/uajm/ald
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autosys
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autosys/bin
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autosys/bin/auto_remote
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autosys/bin/autorep
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autosys/bin/jil
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autosys/bin/sendevent
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autouser
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autouser/autosys.csh
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autouser/autosys.env
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autouser/autosys.ksh
/opt/CA/uajm/ald/autouser/autosys.sh
/opt/ixp/agent
/opt/ixp/agent/conf
/opt/ixp/bin
/opt/ixp/bin/ixagent
/opt/ixp/bin/ixautorep
/opt/ixp/bin/ixflags
/opt/ixp/bin/ixjil
/opt/ixp/bin/ixsendevent
/opt/ixp/etc
/opt/ixp/etc/ixp.conf
/opt/ixp/lib
/opt/ixp/lib/ixp.jar

Monday 28 September 2009

vxvm troubleshooting - claim ownership of disk for new diskgroup

this is the issue

trying to add a disk to a diskgroup via vxdiskadm option 1 - the disk used to belong to a solaris host (this is emc symmetrix device)- and the disk is already owned by a diskgroup on the eupr0037 (now decommisoned) and I want to add it to eupr0201

when I do a vxdisk list cxtxtdx it shows the disk as owned by a dgprapdcd01 (a dg on the decommed eupr0037)

the solution is simple – run the following command

vxdisk –f init cxtxdx

and then run a vxdisk list cxtxdx and you will see diff ownership for the disk and no group assigned to it

you can then run a vxdiskadm > option 1 and readd the disk you want to the diskgroup you want

Friday 11 September 2009

mount nfs mount and add it fstab in linux

example of how to mount an nfs mount

mount -t nfs eslat001:/opt/ims /app/ims
mount -t nfs eslat001:/opt/rims /app/rims


and then add to the /etc/fstab with the following entries;

servername:/pathofdir /pathonserver nfs options 0 0


where;

The corresponds to hostname, IP address, or fully qualified domain name of the server exporting the file system.

The is the path to the exported directory.

The specifies where on the local file system to mount the exported directory. This mount point must exist before /etc/fstab is read or the mount will fail.

The nfs option specifies the type of file system being mounted.

The area specifies mount options for the file system. For example, if the options area states rw,suid, the exported file system will be mounted read-write and the user and groupid set by the server will be used. Note that parentheses are not to be used here

Wednesday 9 September 2009

vpar & npar

Npar : Hard partitioning - Partitioned at SBA level -Hardware failure won't affect the other partition

VPar : Soft Patitioning - Partitioned at LBA level : Hardware failure can affect other partition - Software failure wont affect other partition.

Various HP superdome stuff

useful links;

http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90702/ch05s05.html#babbhcbb

and

http://my.safaribooksonline.com/0131927590/ch17lev1sec4


to get to the MP>CM stuff, you need to be on the seperate node that runs the MP stuff

once on that node, you get presented with the following;




(c) Copyright 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

Welcome to the
Management Processor
HP 9000 and Integrity Superdome Server SD64B


Supported firmware-updateable entity combination: Recipe SD 6.20c



MP MAIN MENU:

CO: Consoles
VFP: Virtual Front Panel
CM: Command Menu
CL: Console Logs
SL: Show Event Logs
FW: Firmware Update
HE: Help
X: Exit Connection

[eupr0200] MP>


The VFP allows you to boot and reboot partitiions etc, the CM we will come to shortly - CL (console logs) is self explanatary, as are the others;

to verify if the IP address of the console you are connected to is public or private, run MP>CM>LS and you will get confirmation

Enter HE to get a list of available commands

(Use to return to main menu.)

[euisjd0] MP:CM> LS

Current configuration of MP customer LAN interface
MAC address : 01:1a:4b:we:27:c7
IP address : 10.157.73.122 0x0aa94sdd96
Name : eupr0200
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0 0xffffff00
Gateway : 10.157.73.122 0x0adff901
Status : UP and RUNNING


Current configuration of MP private LAN interface
MAC address : 00:22:f0:02:4d:qs
IP address : 192.128.2.11 0xds328020a
Name : priv-00
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0 0xffffff00
Gateway : 192.128.2.11 0xdsar20a
Status : UP and RUNNING

[eudsasd0] MP:CM>


you can get lots of output from the CM



[edfsddfds0] MP:CM> sysrev



Supported firmware-updateable entity combination: Recipe SD 6.20c




| Cab 0 | Cab 1 | Cab 8 | Cab 9 |
---------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------|
MP | 024.004.001 | | | |
ED | 024.015.000 | | | |
CLU | 024.000.005 | 024.000.005 | 024.000.005 | |
PM | 022.001.002 | 022.001.002 | 022.001.002 | |
RPM0 | 002.002.000 | 002.002.000 | | |
RPM1 | 002.002.000 | 002.002.000 | | |
RPM2 | 002.002.000 | 002.002.000 | | |
OSP | 000.011.000 | 000.011.000 | | |



Key: * - Not at the highest entity revision supported by this combination.



Please type to continue, Q to quit, or S to stream: q
[efsdsffd0] MP:CM> cp



-------------------------------+
Cabinet | 0 | 1 |
-------------+--------+--------+
Slot |01234567|01234567|
-------------+--------+--------+
Partition 0 |........|XXX.....|
Partition 1 |........|.....X..|
Partition 2 |........|...X....|
Partition 3 |XXXX....|........|
Partition 4 |........|....X.X.|
Partition 5 |....XXX.|........|



[eufdsfewg] MP:CM> io



--------------------------+
Cabinet | 0 | 1 |
--------+--------+--------+
Slot |01234567|01234567|
--------+--------+--------+
Cell |XXXXXXX.|XXXXXXX.|
IO Cab |0.0.080.|1.81118.|
IO Bay |1.1.010.|1.01000.|
IO Chas |3.1.113.|3.11313.|



[asdsafv] MP:CM>

Friday 14 August 2009

ILO issues and HOT KEYS

If you get an ilo issue with a remote console - as i recently have - where it is stuck and not booting, but giving you Function key options (for example, F10 to enter sys maintenance mode - always a good idea) - then if function keys are not set up, you need to do it. Luckily, setting up hot keys is simple - just go to remote console > remote console hot keys, and you can set up your function key 'hot keys' there

FYI, I did an F10 and got into the GRUB menu and could then boot into linux, as opposed to windows (which is what the console was telling me it was configured as - even though I knew the OS was linux...........)